Smekens, K.E.L.

CO2-opslag en -hergebruik in Nederland

Behoefte aan koolstofverwijdering Uit analyses op basis van twee TNO-energiescenario’s (ADAPT en TRANSFORM) voor een klimaatneutrale economie blijkt dat Nederland in 2050 behoefte heeft aan koolstofverwijdering van tussen de 14,0 en 34,9 Mton CO2 om restemissies mee te compenseren. Ruim de helft tot een derde van de restemissies is CO₂ van fossiele oorsprong, terwijl de […]

Geothermal heat production, ultradeep (>4000 meter)

This technology represents an application of geothermal heat production which is currently (2020) not yet applied in The Netherlands. The main characteristic is the depth from which one expects to extract hot water: deeper than 4000 meter, hence the name Ultra Deep Geothermal energy (UDG). A typical project exists of two wells, a production and […]

Geothermal heat production, shallow depth (>500<1500 meter)

This technology represents the application of heat production from shallow geothermal formations in The Netherlands and delivery of heat to the built environment. A typical project exists of two wells, a production and an injection well, also called doublet. The wells are either fully vertically drilled or with a curvature. The bottom of the wells […]

Geothermal heat production, deep (>1500<4000 meter)

This technology represents the application of heat production from geothermal formations in The Netherlands. A typical project consists of two wells, a production and an injection well, also called doublet. The wells are either fully vertically drilled or vertical with a curvature deep below. The bottom of the wells is situated in a water holding […]

Geothermal heat production, deep, (>1500 < 4000 meter)

Geothermal heat production, shallow depth (>500 , < 1500 meter)

Geothermal heat production, ultradeep (> 4000 meter)

The role of large-scale energy storage in the energy system of the Netherlands, 2030-2050

OPERA: A new high-resolution energy system model for sector integration research

This article introduces and describes OPERA, a new technology-rich bottom-up energy system optimization model for the Netherlands. We give a detailed specification of OPERA’s underlying methodology and approach, as well as a description of its multiple applications. The model has been used extensively to formulate strategic policy advice on energy decarbonization and climate change mitigation […]

Review of energy transition scenario studies of the Netherlands up to 2050

Major insights (‘general observations’) of the report High diversity of scenario studies The scenario studies reviewed in the report show a wide diversity in terms of the general character and approach of these studies, their scope and focus, as well as the underlying assumptions of these studies. High diversity of scenario outcomes The reviewed scenario […]

Reductie gasvraag Nederland