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Datasheets > Technologie en energiesysteem > Energiebronnen > Geothermie > Heat pump – Groundwater to water

Heat pump – Groundwater to water

7 juni 2021

    Auteurs:
  • Sipma, J.M.

This type of system uses (ground) well water as the heat exchange fluid that circulates directly through the heat pump system. Once it has circulated through the system, the water returns to the ground through the (recharge) well. This option is obviously practical only where there is an adequate supply of relatively clean groundwater, and all local codes and regulations regarding groundwater discharge are met. Besides groundwater, the system could use surface body water as well.

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This ‘open system’ often has a higher efficiency than the closed ‘soil to water’ system, but the cost of the installation is often higher as well because a second well needs to be drilled. The yield strongly depends on the type of soil where the installation is placed. This system has great advantages when the building has a high heat demand and/or the building also needs to be cooled.

Figure 1 illustrates the configurations for this type of heat pump. (Source: Tidewater Mechanical, 2021)

A heating device must, among other things, be selected for its heating capacity. This capacity depends on (1) the degree of insulation of a building, (2) the desired interior temperature and (3) the size of the building. The largest houses are larger than the smallest buildings within the utility sector (and the other way around). This means that every heat pump that is placed in the residential sector, can also be found within the services sector. Within the latter sector however, there are also much larger buildings; this does create a different situation with a much larger heat demand. Such buildings are often equipped with several heating appliances, which are placed in a cascade arrangement. When the outside temperature drops further, an additional appliance will start operating. This way, electrical heat pumps are most often combined with gas fired boilers. The more efficient, but more expensive heat pump, for example, provides 80% of the heat demand, the gas boiler only assists on the coldest days in order to meet the “peak heat demand”. The combination of an electric heat pumps with a gas-fired boiler can be considered as a ‘hybrid cascade setup’. In a services building that reaches the level of ‘nearly zero energy’, a stand-alone heat pump could be sufficient, just as in a residential building.

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  • Energiebronnen
  • Geothermie

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